Is a technique used when editing, selecting and piecing together different sections of films to create a continuous whole. A montage is "a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or superimposing many pictures or designs". In film making they use this technique to compress time and to convey a lot of information in a relatively short period.
Methods of Montage:
The term montage has slightly different meaning when referred to in the following three contexts:
>French Films:
>Hollywood Cinema:
>Early Soviet film making:
Hollywood Style Montage:
An example of a Hollywood style montage is the Rocky movie.
The reason why film maker uses montage in their film is to compress time.
The French Montage:
In the french films, practice, 'montage' simply has its literal French meaning. Montage is French for 'assembly'. Therefore, in French film is the term simply identifies the process of editing.
Soviet Montage:
In the early soviet film making in the 1920's, 'montage' had a different meaning. The film makers started using juxtaposing (placing two deliberately contrasting images next to each other) shots to create a new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone.
The idea of this came from the young Soviet film maker Lev Kuleshov. Kuleshov experimented with films around 1920. He took an old film clip of a head shot of a rolled Russian actor and inter-cut the shot with different images.
This is what Kuleshov experimented. He combined two different images to create a third meaning. In each images he used one photo that is the same throughout the whole of the experiment. His experiment shows that the expression of the man on the photo changes every time it appeared, depending of what he was 'looking at'. On this pictures (shown above) can be the plate of soup, the girl in the coffin or the woman on the divan and this could show and expression of hunger, grief or desire, respectively.
Another person who experimented with this is Charlie Chaplin. He used two different images that has the same meaning.
For example, he used a picture of sheep and a picture of workers going through the stairs off to work.
The images has the same meaning as the sheep are being controlled by the sheep dog and its owner. Whereas, the workers are off to work that they don't really like but they are to go there for a living.
Strike by Eisenstein
Scenes from 'Strike'
Strike! by Eisenstein
A shots of a butcher slaughtering cattle is used to suggest the Russian Troops were mistreating the striking workers. The similarities between the dead cow and the soldiers marching is that when the cow is being slaughter by the butcher same time the soldiers are moving as they are about to die.
Analogue editing is done by cutting together a piece of celluloid film then putting it back together. At the past, films are made up of images that is printed onto the acetate negatives. These are then 'spliced' together to form a reel film. These are then feed through a project or out a constant speed of 24 frames a second which will then make the pictures of your film appear to be moving.
Moviola:
Moviola was invented in 1924 by Iwan Serrorier. It was the first device that had allowed a film editor to view the film while it was being edited. It was also the first machine that was used for feature length motion picture editing.
Video Editing:
Back at the past when digital technologies wasn't available yet at that time, people use magnetic tape to store information. If today they use SD cards to store information from our devices, at that time they use video tapes. Traditionally, video editing was the common used when editing films before computer editing came out and developed. They use this process of editing segments to tapes using a device that mechanically puts pieces of video tape together. To edit, the film has to be edited in the correct order and this is called linear editing. Digital Editing:
Digital Editing is the form of electronic media in where data is stored in digital (as appeared to analogue) form. This is the use of computers to order and manipulate this digital data. There are also many different ways of editing programs. The most common program used are:
> Adobe Premiere Pro
Pros: Cons
Vastly improved usability * Expensive, unless you own a recent previous version
New effects capabilities including *GPU acceleration still mostly limited to adjustment layers professional graphics
SpeedGrade now part of Production Bundle
> Avid
> Final Cut Pro
Pros: Cos:
This program contains powerful It's only available for the most recent version tools such as the magnetic timeline of Apple's OS X operating system.
Digital Editing uses bits and bytes ( strings of 1's and 0's ) to record, transmit and reply images, instead of chemicals on film. The whole process is electronic so there is no printing or 'splicing' involved.
Digital Editing soon overtook video editing as it is much quicker and therefore cheaper. The biggest pro is that you can edit digitally in any order.
In the early days of electronic video production, linear (tape-to-tape) editing was the only way to edit video tapes. Then, in the 1990s, non-linear editing computers became available and opened a whole new world of editing power and flexibility.
Non-linear editing was not welcomed by everyone and by many editors resisted the new wave. In addition, early digital video was plagued with performance issues and uncertainty. However, the advantages of non-linear video eventually became so overwhelming that they could not be ignored anymore.
Linear Editing advantages:
It is simple and inexpensive. There are very few complications with formats, hardware conflicts, etc.
For some jobs linear editing is better. For example, if you want to add two sections of video together, it is quicker to edit tape-to-tape than capture and edit on a hard drive.
Non-linear Editing:
Editing in any order is called non-linear editing. If in linear editing you have to edit in the correct order, with non-linear editing you can edit a sequence from the end of the film even before you just have started editing the first scene. The process uses electronic files so it makes it as easy as cutting and pasting text in a word document.
Working on a non-linear editing system is like working with a word processor. Using a computer screen and a mouse you can randomly cut and past segments and move them around until you are satisfied with the result.
Splice:
To join together or unite (two ropes or parts of a rope) by the interweaving of strands. Or to unite (film, magnetic tape, or the like) by butting and cementing. Splice in noun is the joining of film, electromagnetic tape, or the like.
In camera editing is a technique of video production, in which the camera operator shoots the shots in the exact order that they will be viewed in.
It was a technique used to a great del` in the early days of film making before 'splicing' (the art of cutting/reconnecting film strip) became easier.
The film is 'edited' by simply switching on and off the camera.
One of the most famous in-camera editors was George Melies who is rumoured that he had discovered the art of stop motion purely by accident when a camera of his broke down for a brief second.
George Melies was the first person who have discovered the 'in-camera' editing. He showed that we can also create a bit of magic in our films but this is very tricky. We are too make sure that the shots are accurate to make it look continuously.
Our Task:
We are to produced a one minute long sequence that we will be editing 'in camera'.
The sequence should be set in a school and have two characters. Your sequence can include dialogue or can be a silent.
We are to work in small group for the entire of this task. We are to assign the following rules.
- Director
- Camera Operator
- 2x Actors
For what we have done:
For our Director we had Jasmine King to direct us when we can start filming, acting and when we have to stop acting and filming. Our camera operator is Allegria Luyindula who have done the filming. And for our two actors we had Aaliyah and I to do the acting.
This is our first exercise with 'in-camera. We are to practice using this technique until we get used to using the 'in-camera'.
These are some of the pictures that we had taken while we were filming.
This is our finished exercise video done by our team.
Story line:
A girl name Rose (that's me) were meant to have her detention with her English teacher Ms Ally after school because her teacher thought that she was the one making a lot of noises in class even though it wasn't her but the girl sitting next to her.
When it's time for her detention, she was late to come to her English Teacher, Ms Ally. She was 15 minutes late as she was in the clinic because all day she wasn't feeling well. She has to rushed to her English teacher's classroom as she's aware that Ms Ally doesn't like students that turn up late especially at detention class.
When she arrived at the classroom, she saw her English Teacher, Ms Ally doesn't look happy. When her teacher asked why she was late she didn't tell Ms Ally that she she wasn't feeling well nor it wasn't her who was making a lot of noise at that time.
Evaluation based on using in-camera editing:
Using in-camera editing for filming is not very easy as this is not a digital type camera. With in-camera editing you have to shot a scene after the another.
I figured out that it is not easy nor hard neither to film with in-camera editing as there are things with in-camera editing that you can't do with digital camera and same thing goes for digital camera. With digital camera you can't hand edit it unlike what people used to do like George Melies back at the time when in-camera editing is popular.
In-camera editing is really easy to use since it's quick and you won't have much problem using it unlike the digital camera that we now. This is because with digital camera, you have to first learn how to use it, you have to insert an SD card and many more. Whereas, with in-camera editing all you have to do is film then afterwards plugged in a cable that connects to your device and on to the in-camera. Easy.
However, this is not the only case with using in-camera editing. As with my own experience using this in-camera editing even though i'm not really the one handling the camera since i was one of the actors, with what i can see from the camera operator, it is sometimes hard to use in-camera editing since it doesn't have a delete button in where we can easily just click that delete button and the scene that we don't like or the scene that we messed up will be gone as quick as flash of light. This is not the case with in-camera editing. With in-camera editing we can't delete anything but we can go over the scenes that we already have and film with it. Basically, we just have to rewind back and start filming again on the scene just before we have made a mistake. Furthermore, with in-camera editing, it takes quite a bit of time to perfect it since we have to make sure that it is taken on the right angle so that it looks continuous.
This is overall what i think about the good and bad things about using in-camera editing. As my first attempt of using this i think that it is very good and useful to use. As i get use to it more i hope that me and my group will soon get the hang of using it.
Thank you for reading my blog. Hope you like it and enjoy it and hopefully you understand quite a bit more about in-camera editing. Thank you.
